Artists employ sgraffito and other carving techniques to transform smooth porcelain surfaces into richly textured masterpieces. Sgraffito, derived from the Italian word "to scratch," involves layering contrasting colored slips or underglazes on porcelain before meticulously carving through the top layer to reveal the base. This method creates striking patterns, intricate designs, and dimensional contrasts.

Other carving techniques include incising, where artists use sharp tools to etch fine lines directly into the clay, and relief carving, which removes material to create raised or recessed areas. These methods allow for everything from subtle gradients to bold, dramatic textures. Tools like loop tools, needles, and dental instruments provide precision, while sponges and brushes soften edges for organic effects.

By combining these techniques, artists achieve tactile depth and visual complexity, making each porcelain sculpture unique. The interplay of light and shadow on carved surfaces enhances the piece's narrative, whether abstract or figurative. Mastery of these methods requires patience and skill, but the results—durable, exquisite textures—make porcelain a favored medium for sculptural expression.