Artists push the boundaries of metal sculpture by experimenting with texture and surface treatments to create visually striking and tactile works. One common technique is hammering or chasing, where tools are used to create intricate patterns and raised designs on the metal surface. Others apply patinas—chemical solutions that react with the metal to produce vibrant colors and weathered effects, adding depth and character.

Welding and grinding allow for bold, rough textures, while sandblasting can create a matte or frosted appearance. Some artists incorporate mixed media, embedding materials like glass or stone into the metal for contrast. Others use acid etching or electroplating to achieve precise, detailed surfaces.

Innovative approaches include layering metals to create corrosion-resistant finishes or using heat to produce organic, unpredictable patterns. By combining traditional craftsmanship with modern technology, artists transform cold, rigid metal into dynamic, expressive sculptures that engage both the eye and the touch.