Maintaining outdoor metal sculptures for decades presents unique challenges due to constant exposure to environmental elements. One of the most pervasive issues is corrosion, particularly for iron and steel sculptures, where rust can weaken structural integrity and mar aesthetic appeal. Bronze and copper pieces face patina development, which, while sometimes desirable, requires careful management to prevent uneven degradation. Weather extremes—freezing temperatures, UV radiation, and acid rain—accelerate material fatigue, leading to cracks or warping. Biological growth like lichen or moss can embed into surfaces, causing long-term damage if not cleaned properly. Additionally, vandalism and accidental impacts pose recurring threats, demanding protective measures. Proper maintenance—regular cleaning, protective coatings, and structural inspections—can mitigate these challenges, ensuring sculptures endure as lasting public art.