Creating lattice patterns on bronze sculptures requires a blend of artistic vision and technical skill. Here are the most widely used techniques by sculptors:

1. Lost-Wax Casting with Lattice Molds

Artists first carve the lattice design into a wax model, which is then encased in ceramic. Molten bronze replaces the melted wax, preserving the intricate pattern. This method allows for highly detailed and repeatable designs.

2. Direct Chasing and Repoussé

Using specialized chisels and hammers, craftsmen hand-carve lattice motifs directly into cooled bronze. The repoussé technique (working from the reverse side) adds dimensionality to the patterns.

3. Acid Etching

A resist material is applied to the bronze surface, with lattice designs scratched through. Acid baths then etch the exposed metal, creating precise, controlled patterns ideal for delicate work.

4. Mechanical Engraving

Modern sculptors often use pneumatic engravers or CNC machines to carve perfect geometric lattices. This method excels for symmetrical, repeating designs requiring mathematical precision.

5. Combination Casting

Some artists cast individual lattice elements separately, then weld them onto the main sculpture. This approach works well for large-scale pieces with complex openwork sections.

Each technique offers distinct aesthetic results, from the organic variations of hand-chasing to the razor-sharp precision of machine engraving. Master sculptors frequently combine multiple methods to achieve unique textural contrasts within a single artwork. The choice depends on the desired visual effect, scale of the sculpture, and the artist's preferred working style.