Creating bronze sculptures for underwater displays presents unique challenges that test the limits of artistry and engineering. One major obstacle is corrosion resistance—even bronze, known for its durability, succumbs to saltwater degradation over time. Artists must carefully select alloys or apply specialized coatings to slow this process.

Marine life interaction poses another hurdle. Barnacles, algae, and other organisms naturally colonize submerged surfaces, altering the sculpture's appearance and potentially accelerating corrosion. Some artists embrace this organic transformation, while others invest in anti-fouling treatments.

The underwater environment also complicates installation. Precise placement requires divers and specialized equipment, with factors like water currents and visibility affecting both installation and long-term stability. Additionally, the refractive properties of water distort viewers' perception of the artwork, demanding unique design considerations.

Perhaps most challenging is ensuring structural integrity against constant water pressure and potential storm damage. Engineers must calculate weight distribution and anchoring systems to prevent shifting or collapse. Despite these difficulties, underwater bronze sculptures create mesmerizing artificial reefs that blend art with marine conservation, making the technical hurdles worthwhile for many artists.