Metal sculptors employ both chemical and mechanical techniques to simulate natural aging processes in new artworks. The most common method involves applying patinas - chemical solutions that react with metal surfaces to create colored oxidation layers. For copper or bronze pieces, artists use liver of sulfur or ferric nitrate to produce greens, blues, and browns resembling centuries-old oxidation.

Mechanical distressing techniques include:

1. Sandblasting or wire brushing to create worn surface textures

2. Strategic hammering to simulate impact damage

3. Controlled rust induction on iron/steel using saltwater or acid sprays

4. Heat treatments that alter metal coloration

Advanced artists often layer multiple techniques, first creating texture with tools, then applying chemical patinas that pool in recessed areas for dimensional aging effects. Some incorporate actual environmental exposure, burying pieces or exposing them to weather cycles. Modern alternatives include specialty paints and waxes that mimic oxidation without chemical risks.

The artistry lies in balancing controlled deterioration with structural integrity, creating the illusion of age while maintaining the artwork's longevity. Master sculptors study real archaeological specimens to replicate authentic weathering patterns that tell visual stories of time's passage.