Lost-wax casting and sand casting are two prominent techniques used in creating metal sculptures, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Lost-wax casting, also known as investment casting, involves creating a wax model coated in ceramic slurry, which is then melted away to leave a mold for molten metal. This method excels in producing highly detailed and intricate designs, making it ideal for fine art and jewelry. However, it is more time-consuming and costly due to the precision required.

Sand casting, on the other hand, uses compacted sand to form molds, offering a quicker and more economical solution for larger sculptures or industrial applications. While it lacks the fine detail of lost-wax casting, it allows for easier modifications and is better suited for bulk production. The choice between the two depends on factors like budget, desired detail, and production scale, with lost-wax favored for artistry and sand casting for practicality.