Creating textured or hammered metal surfaces is a popular technique in metalworking, offering both aesthetic appeal and functional benefits like improved grip or corrosion resistance. Here are the most common methods used to achieve these unique finishes:

1. Hammering: The traditional approach involves striking the metal surface with specialized hammers or mallets to create dimples or patterns. This can be done manually or with pneumatic tools for larger projects.

2. Acid Etching: A chemical process where acid is applied to the metal to create controlled corrosion, resulting in a rough or patterned surface. Different acids and masking techniques produce varying effects.

3. Sandblasting: High-pressure sand or abrasive particles are blasted onto the metal to create a uniform, matte texture. This method is ideal for large-scale industrial applications.

4. Rolling/Embossing: Metal sheets are passed through textured rollers or stamped with patterned dies to imprint designs. This is efficient for mass production.

5. Wire Brushing: A mechanical technique using abrasive brushes to scratch the surface, creating linear textures often seen in brushed stainless steel.

Each technique offers distinct visual and tactile results, allowing artisans and manufacturers to customize metal surfaces for furniture, jewelry, architectural elements, and more. The choice depends on the desired finish, material type, and project scale.