Patina plays a crucial role in metal sculptures, serving both aesthetic and protective functions. This thin layer forms naturally through oxidation over time, giving sculptures a distinctive weathered appearance while preventing further corrosion. Artists often artificially create patina using chemical solutions, heat, or controlled environmental exposure to achieve specific colors and textures. Common techniques include applying liver of sulfur for dark tones or vinegar solutions for greenish hues. Preservation involves wax coatings or clear sealants to stabilize the patina. Beyond visual appeal, patina adds historical depth to artworks, making it a valued element in bronze, copper, and other metal sculptures. Proper patina maintenance ensures longevity while maintaining the artist's intended character.