Metal sculptures are a popular choice for public art due to their durability and aesthetic appeal. However, their performance in environments with industrial pollution or urban grime depends on several factors, including material composition, protective coatings, and maintenance practices.

Stainless steel, bronze, and corten steel are commonly used for outdoor sculptures due to their inherent resistance to corrosion. Stainless steel contains chromium, which forms a passive oxide layer that protects against rust. Bronze develops a natural patina over time, acting as a barrier against pollutants. Corten steel, known for its weathered appearance, forms a stable rust layer that prevents further degradation.

Industrial pollution, such as sulfur dioxide and acid rain, can accelerate corrosion. To combat this, artists often apply protective coatings like wax, lacquer, or specialized sealants. Regular cleaning with mild detergents and soft brushes helps remove urban grime, preventing buildup that could trap moisture and chemicals.

In highly polluted areas, sculptures may require more frequent maintenance or the use of advanced alloys like marine-grade stainless steel. Proper design, such as avoiding water-trapping crevices, also enhances longevity.

Ultimately, metal sculptures can thrive in urban and industrial settings with the right materials, coatings, and care, ensuring they remain visually striking for decades.