Sculptors masterfully create the illusion of depth in two-dimensional metal artworks through a combination of techniques that trick the eye and engage the viewer. One key method is layering, where artists stack or overlap thin metal sheets to build a sense of dimensionality. Texturing plays a crucial role—hammering, etching, or engraving surfaces to catch light differently, enhancing shadows and highlights. Strategic lighting placement further amplifies depth, as angled light sources cast dynamic shadows that suggest volume. Additionally, sculptors use perspective tricks, such as varying the depth of cuts or bends, to simulate three-dimensionality. By skillfully manipulating these elements, flat metal transforms into captivating, depth-rich art.