Artists often employ transparency and perforation techniques in metal sculptures to evoke a sense of lightness, transforming rigid materials into seemingly weightless forms. By strategically cutting patterns or leaving open spaces, sculptors allow light to pass through, creating dynamic interplay between solid and void. Transparency can be achieved through thin metal sheets or layered designs, while perforation involves precise drilling or laser-cutting to produce intricate patterns. These methods not only reduce visual heaviness but also cast captivating shadows that change with lighting conditions. Contemporary sculptors like Richard Serra and Anish Kapoor have mastered these techniques, proving that metal can convey delicacy as effectively as stone or glass. The result is a harmonious balance between materiality and immateriality, where light becomes an active participant in the artwork's expression.