Designing an outdoor metal sculpture requires careful consideration of environmental factors to ensure longevity and aesthetic appeal. The first critical factor is weather resistance. Metal sculptures are exposed to rain, snow, wind, and extreme temperatures, which can cause rust, warping, or cracking. Choosing corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel, bronze, or corten steel can mitigate these effects.

Another key consideration is UV exposure. Prolonged sunlight can fade painted finishes or alter the patina of certain metals. Applying protective coatings or selecting naturally UV-resistant materials helps preserve the sculpture's appearance.

Humidity and salt air are also significant, especially in coastal areas. These conditions accelerate corrosion, so regular maintenance or galvanization may be necessary. Additionally, wind load and structural stability must be addressed to prevent damage or tipping during storms.

Finally, pollution and chemical exposure in urban environments can degrade metal surfaces. Regular cleaning and protective treatments are essential to maintain the sculpture's integrity. By addressing these environmental factors, artists and designers can create durable, visually striking outdoor metal sculptures that withstand the test of time.