Creating durable metal sculptures requires artists to address both thermal and mechanical stress through meticulous planning and execution. The process begins with material selection—choosing metals like stainless steel, bronze, or corten steel, which naturally resist expansion, corrosion, and deformation.

To combat thermal stress, artists employ techniques such as strategic welding, allowing expansion joints or flexible connections to accommodate temperature fluctuations. Heat treatments like annealing may also be applied to relieve internal stresses caused by welding or shaping.

For mechanical stress resistance, structural integrity is key. Artists reinforce sculptures with internal armatures or load-bearing frameworks, distributing weight evenly. Thicker metal sections or ribbed designs add strength to high-stress areas. Advanced fabrication methods, such as cold forging or precision casting, further enhance durability.

Protective finishes, including powder coatings or patinas, shield sculptures from environmental wear. Regular maintenance, like inspecting for cracks or corrosion, ensures long-term resilience. By combining these methods, artists create metal sculptures that endure both physical forces and temperature changes while maintaining their aesthetic appeal.