Creating metal sculptures for underwater public art presents unique challenges that test both artistic vision and engineering precision. One of the most significant hurdles is corrosion caused by saltwater, which accelerates metal degradation unless specialized alloys or protective coatings are used. Artists must also consider marine life interactions, as barnacles and algae can alter the sculpture's appearance and structural integrity over time.

Visibility and accessibility pose additional difficulties, requiring careful planning for placement depth and water clarity to ensure public engagement. Maintenance becomes exponentially harder once installed, often requiring divers for inspections and repairs. The weight and buoyancy of materials demand meticulous calculations to prevent shifting or damage from currents.

Environmental impact assessments are crucial, as some metals may leach harmful substances into delicate ecosystems. Finally, the high cost of marine-grade materials and installation often limits project scales. Despite these obstacles, successful underwater sculptures create mesmerizing aquatic galleries that blend art with marine conservation.