Outdoor metal sculptures are exposed to various environmental factors, with humidity and temperature playing significant roles in their deterioration. High humidity accelerates corrosion by promoting oxidation, especially in metals like iron and steel. Moisture combines with oxygen to form rust, which weakens the structural integrity of sculptures over time.

Temperature fluctuations also contribute to wear and tear. Extreme heat can cause metal to expand, while cold temperatures lead to contraction, resulting in stress fractures. Additionally, repeated freeze-thaw cycles in colder climates can exacerbate cracking and peeling of protective coatings.

To mitigate these effects, regular maintenance is essential. Applying weather-resistant sealants, using corrosion-resistant metals like bronze or stainless steel, and cleaning sculptures periodically can help prolong their lifespan. Protective wax coatings and sheltered placements can further reduce exposure to harsh conditions.

By understanding these environmental challenges, artists and collectors can take proactive steps to preserve outdoor metal sculptures for generations.