Relief carving and sculpture in the round are two distinct forms of three-dimensional art, each with unique techniques and visual effects. Relief carving involves carving figures or designs into a flat surface, creating a raised image that remains attached to the background. Common types include bas-relief (low relief) and high relief, where the depth varies. This technique is often used in architectural decorations, coins, and wall art.

In contrast, sculpture in the round is fully three-dimensional, free-standing, and intended to be viewed from all angles. Unlike relief carving, it is not attached to a background, allowing for a more immersive experience. This form is commonly seen in statues, busts, and monumental art.

Key differences include dimensionality—relief carvings are partially 3D, while sculptures in the round are fully 3D. Additionally, relief carvings rely on light and shadow for depth, whereas sculptures in the round require spatial awareness from the viewer. Both techniques have rich histories and continue to inspire modern artists.