Creating a sense of depth in layered wood carvings transforms flat surfaces into breathtaking 3D artworks. The most effective techniques begin with strategic undercutting—cutting angles beneath raised elements to cast natural shadows that enhance dimensionality. Varying layer thickness is equally crucial; thinner upper layers contrast beautifully against deeper base cuts, producing dramatic stepped perspectives.

Skillful use of tonal contrast further amplifies depth perception. Darker stains in recessed areas and lighter finishes on protruding sections trick the eye into seeing greater spatial variation. Texturing plays a pivotal role too—rough gouge marks in backgrounds push focal elements forward, while smooth polished surfaces appear closer to the viewer.

Advanced carvers employ forced perspective by deliberately distorting proportions; elements meant to appear distant are carved slightly smaller, mimicking natural visual perception. Combining these methods with directional lighting during display creates dynamic shadows that shift with viewpoint, making the carving "move" like a living sculpture.

Remember that depth isn't just physical—it's an optical illusion crafted through meticulous planning of light interaction, layer relationships, and surface treatments. Each cut should serve the overall composition, guiding the viewer's eye through valleys and peaks of your wooden landscape.