Wood carving is a revered art form across the globe, but the traditions of Western and Eastern cultures exhibit distinct differences in style, technique, and symbolism. Western wood carving, deeply rooted in European traditions, often emphasizes realism, intricate detailing, and religious or mythological themes. Gothic and Baroque periods, for instance, produced elaborate church altarpieces and furniture adorned with lifelike figures and floral motifs.

In contrast, Eastern wood carving, particularly in regions like China, Japan, and India, leans toward minimalism and spiritual symbolism. Chinese wood carvings frequently feature nature-inspired designs, such as dragons or landscapes, reflecting Taoist and Buddhist philosophies. Japanese wood carving, seen in temple architecture and netsuke, prioritizes precision and harmony with natural forms.

Techniques also vary: Western carvers often use chisels and mallets for deep relief work, while Eastern artisans employ softer strokes and layered carving to achieve subtle gradients. These differences highlight how cultural values shape artistic expression, making each tradition uniquely captivating.