Achieving smooth, polished edges in wood carvings requires a combination of the right tools, techniques, and patience. Here are the most common methods used by professionals:

1. Sharp Tools for Clean Cuts: Using sharp chisels, gouges, and knives ensures clean, precise cuts, reducing the need for excessive sanding. Dull tools can tear the wood fibers, leaving rough edges.

2. Progressive Sanding: Start with coarse-grit sandpaper (80-120 grit) to remove tool marks, then gradually move to finer grits (220-400+) for a polished finish. Always sand with the grain to avoid scratches.

3. Burnishing with a Smoothing Tool: A burnisher or polished steel rod can compress wood fibers, creating a glossy edge without sanding. This technique is ideal for delicate carvings.

4. Using a Router or Dremel: For consistent edges, a router with a round-over bit or a Dremel with a sanding attachment can quickly smooth curves and contours.

5. Applying Finishing Oils or Waxes: After sanding, applying oils (like linseed or tung oil) or waxes enhances the smoothness and adds a protective sheen to the edges.

By mastering these techniques, woodworkers can transform rough carvings into refined, professional-quality pieces.