Creating depth and dimension in wood carvings transforms flat surfaces into lifelike sculptures. Here are the most effective techniques to achieve this:

1. Layering and Undercutting: Start by carving deeper layers first, then gradually work upward. Undercutting edges creates shadows, enhancing the illusion of depth.

2. Varying Depths: Use shallow cuts for background elements and deeper cuts for foreground details. This contrast adds a three-dimensional effect.

3. Texturing Tools: Employ gouges, chisels, and veiners to add intricate textures. Rough textures recede visually, while smooth surfaces appear closer.

4. Shading and Staining: Apply darker stains to recessed areas and lighter tones to raised sections. This mimics natural light and shadow.

5. Relief Carving: Combine high and low relief techniques. High relief projects sharply, while low relief offers subtle dimensionality.

6. Perspective Techniques: Carve elements at different angles to simulate distance. Overlapping layers also enhance depth perception.

7. Burnishing: Smoothing raised areas with a burnisher reflects light differently, creating contrast with matte, textured sections.

Master these methods to turn simple woodblocks into captivating, multi-dimensional artworks. Practice and patience are key to refining your sculptural vision.