Restoring antique porcelain sculptures requires a delicate balance of artistry, science, and historical knowledge, particularly when matching original glazes. Experts begin by analyzing the composition of the existing glaze using techniques like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or microscopy to identify its chemical makeup. This data is cross-referenced with historical records of ceramic production methods from the artifact's era and region.

Master restorers then create custom glaze formulas by blending modern ceramic pigments with traditional materials like feldspar, quartz, and metal oxides. They conduct numerous test firings in kilns calibrated to historical temperature ranges, comparing results under different lighting conditions to achieve perfect color matching.

The most skilled practitioners employ "stratigraphic layering" - applying multiple thin glaze layers to replicate the depth and luminosity of aged surfaces. Final adjustments may include controlled aging techniques using dilute acids or abrasion to harmonize new repairs with centuries of natural patina.

This painstaking process preserves both the visual integrity and material authenticity of priceless cultural artifacts, allowing future generations to appreciate these masterpieces in their original splendor.