Artists achieve matte or glossy finishes on porcelain sculptures through a combination of specialized materials and techniques. For a glossy surface, they typically apply a transparent or colored glaze containing silica, which melts during high-temperature firing (around 1200-1400°C) to create a glass-like shine. Matte finishes result from using glazes with additives like calcium, magnesium, or barium that crystallize during cooling, scattering light instead of reflecting it.

Alternative methods include:

1. Surface treatments - Polishing unfired clay creates natural sheen, while sandblasting fired pieces produces matte textures

2. Glaze composition - High-alumina glazes yield matte surfaces; glossy finishes require balanced silica and flux

3. Firing adjustments - Extended cooling periods promote matte crystallization, while rapid cooling preserves gloss

Contemporary artists often layer these techniques, combining matte and glossy areas for dramatic contrast. The choice depends on artistic vision, as matte surfaces convey subtle elegance while glossy finishes emphasize vibrancy and depth. Mastery of these approaches allows ceramicists to precisely control their sculptures' final appearance.