Artists employ a variety of specialized techniques to create gradient and variegated patinas on bronze surfaces, transforming the metal into visually dynamic artworks. The process begins with careful surface preparation, where the bronze is cleaned and sometimes textured to enhance patina adhesion.

Chemical patination is the most common method, involving the application of reactive solutions like ferric nitrate or cupric nitrate. By controlling factors such as solution concentration, application method (brushing, spraying, or dipping), and exposure time, artists can produce gradual color transitions from deep browns to vibrant greens.

Heat patination offers another approach, where controlled torch heating creates oxidation patterns that shift from gold to purple hues. Some artists layer multiple patinas, selectively removing or masking areas between applications to achieve complex variegated effects.

Advanced techniques include:

- Differential application (wiping or feathering chemicals)

- Resist methods using wax or tape

- Environmental aging through burial or saltwater exposure

- Electrochemical acceleration

The final piece is typically sealed with wax or lacquer to preserve the delicate surface chemistry. Mastery of these methods allows artists to mimic natural weathering or create entirely original color spectrums on bronze artworks.