Creating metal sculptures for underwater environments presents unique challenges that artists and engineers must address to ensure longevity and visual appeal. One of the most significant issues is corrosion, as saltwater accelerates the degradation of metals like steel and iron. To combat this, materials such as bronze, stainless steel, or specially coated alloys are often used for their resistance to rust and erosion.

Another challenge is marine growth, where algae, barnacles, and other organisms attach to the sculpture, altering its appearance and potentially damaging the surface over time. Regular maintenance or anti-fouling coatings can help mitigate this issue. Structural integrity is also critical, as underwater currents and pressure can weaken poorly designed sculptures. Proper anchoring and weight distribution are essential to prevent shifting or collapse.

Visibility and placement further complicate underwater art installations. Sculptures must be positioned to account for light refraction, water clarity, and depth to ensure they remain visually striking. Additionally, environmental impact must be considered to avoid disrupting marine ecosystems.

Despite these challenges, underwater metal sculptures offer a captivating way to merge art with marine conservation, creating immersive experiences for divers and snorkelers while promoting ocean awareness.