Bronze sculptures carry distinct markers of authenticity that collectors and art enthusiasts should recognize. Artists typically sign their works in one of three ways:

1. Direct Signatures: Many sculptors carve or incise their signature into the original clay model before casting. This signature transfers permanently to the bronze during the lost-wax process, often appearing as precise, recessed lettering.

2. Edition Numbers: Limited edition pieces bear stamped or engraved fraction markings (e.g., "3/25") indicating the piece's sequence and total edition size. These usually appear near the signature on the base or an inconspicuous edge.

3. Foundry Marks: Reputable foundries imprint their logo or name into the bronze. These stamps guarantee professional casting and often include copyright symbols (©) or production years.

Additional authentication elements may include:

- Hidden Marks: Some artists embed microchips or microscopic signatures in discreet locations.

- Patina Variations: Unique chemical treatments create signature color patterns.

- Documentation: Certificates of authenticity often describe the marking locations.

Pro tip: Examine sculptures under angled light to reveal subtle engravings, and always cross-reference markings with the artist's catalog raisonné for verification.