Crafting a rough or hammered finish on bronze adds character and antiquity to metalwork, making it a sought-after technique for artisans and sculptors. Here are five common methods to achieve this effect:

1. Hand Hammering: Using a ball-peen hammer or textured mallet, artisans strike the bronze surface to create deliberate dents and irregularities. This traditional approach allows for custom patterns and organic textures.

2. Chasing and Repoussé: By hammering from both the front (chasing) and back (repoussé), craftsmen create raised or recessed designs, often combined with rough finishes for contrast.

3. Chemical Patinas: Applying ferric nitrate or liver of sulfur accelerates oxidation, producing a mottled, aged appearance. Layering patinas with abrasion enhances the rough effect.

4. Sandblasting or Wire Brushing: Mechanical abrasion with sand or steel wool removes polish, exposing a granular surface. This works well for large areas needing uniform texture.

5. Cold Forging: Hammering bronze while cold (unheated) increases hardness and leaves visible tool marks, ideal for rustic or industrial styles.

Each technique offers distinct visual results, from subtle dimpling to deeply textured surfaces. Experimentation with tools and finishes—like combining hammering with acid etching—can yield truly unique bronze artworks.