Bronze sculpture has evolved dramatically over centuries, with classical and modernist styles representing two distinct artistic philosophies. Classical bronze sculpture, rooted in ancient Greek and Roman traditions, emphasizes realism, idealized proportions, and mythological or heroic subjects. These works showcase meticulous anatomical detail and balanced compositions, often serving narrative or commemorative purposes.

In contrast, modernist bronze sculpture emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries, breaking from tradition through abstraction, experimentation, and subjective expression. Modernist artists like Brancusi and Giacometti distorted forms, simplified shapes, and prioritized emotional impact over literal representation. Their works often explore existential themes or pure aesthetic concepts rather than storytelling.

Technically, classical sculptors relied on lost-wax casting to achieve precision, while modernists frequently incorporated rough textures, incomplete surfaces, and unconventional patinas to challenge perceptions. The modernist approach also embraced negative space as an active compositional element, whereas classical works typically treated space as a passive backdrop.

Ultimately, these differences reflect broader cultural shifts—from classical art's celebration of universal ideals to modernism's focus on individual perspective and the essence of form. Both styles continue to influence contemporary bronze sculpture in unique ways.