Determining the authenticity and provenance of metal sculptures is a meticulous process that combines art historical research, scientific analysis, and expert evaluation. Collectors and art professionals rely on several key methods to verify the legitimacy of these artworks.

1. Documentation and Provenance Research: Authentic metal sculptures often come with detailed provenance records, including previous ownership, exhibition history, and sales receipts. Collectors scrutinize these documents for consistency and gaps that might indicate forgery.

2. Material and Technique Analysis: Experts examine the sculpture's metal composition and craftsmanship. Advanced techniques like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can reveal the alloy's age and origin, while tool marks and patina offer clues about the artist's methods.

3. Artist Signatures and Marks: Many sculptors leave signatures, stamps, or foundry marks. Comparing these with verified examples helps confirm authenticity.

4. Stylistic Evaluation: Knowledgeable collectors assess the sculpture's style, subject matter, and execution against the artist’s known body of work. Inconsistencies may raise red flags.

5. Expert Appraisals: Consulting specialists or authentication boards adds credibility, especially for high-value pieces.

By combining these approaches, collectors can confidently assess a metal sculpture's authenticity and provenance, ensuring their investments are genuine and historically significant.