Creating texture in metal sculptures without welding opens up a world of creative possibilities for artists. One of the most straightforward methods is hammering, where different hammer heads can produce varied patterns, from smooth dimples to rugged surfaces. Chasing and repoussé techniques allow for intricate designs by hammering the metal from both sides. For a more organic feel, acid etching can be employed to eat away at the metal, creating deep, unpredictable textures. Another innovative approach involves using found objects to imprint patterns—simply press items like leaves or textured fabrics into the metal before it hardens. Cold connections, such as riveting or folding, can also add dimensional interest without heat. These techniques not only avoid the complexities of welding but often result in uniquely tactile finishes that enhance the sculpture’s visual appeal. Experimenting with these methods can transform flat, lifeless metal into dynamic, textured artworks.