Bronze sculpture is a timeless art form with two primary techniques: relief and three-dimensional (3D) sculpture. Relief bronze sculptures are characterized by their raised designs on a flat background, often seen in plaques and wall art. These works emphasize depth through varying levels of projection, from low relief (bas-relief) to high relief, where figures may appear almost detached.

In contrast, three-dimensional bronze sculptures are freestanding, allowing viewers to appreciate the artwork from all angles. This technique requires meticulous planning for structural integrity and balance, often involving armatures or internal supports. The lost-wax casting method is commonly used for both styles, but 3D sculptures demand more complex mold-making to capture full spatial details.

Artistically, relief sculptures excel in storytelling and decorative applications, while 3D bronzes create immersive spatial experiences. Modern sculptors frequently combine both approaches, pushing the boundaries of this ancient medium with innovative hybrid techniques. Understanding these differences helps collectors and art enthusiasts appreciate the unique challenges and expressive possibilities each method offers.