Authenticating bronze sculptures involves a combination of artist signatures, foundry marks, and documentation to verify provenance. Artists typically sign their works in several ways:

1. Incised Signatures – Many sculptors carve or etch their name, initials, or symbol directly into the clay or wax model before casting, leaving a permanent mark on the bronze.

2. Raised Signatures – Some artists prefer raised lettering, created by adding their signature to the mold, resulting in a 3D imprint on the final piece.

3. Foundry Marks – Reputable foundries often stamp their name or logo on sculptures they cast, confirming the piece’s origin. These marks may appear on the base or an inconspicuous area.

4. Edition Numbers – Limited-edition bronzes display numbers (e.g., "1/10") indicating their place in the series, often accompanied by the artist’s signature.

5. Documentation – Certificates of authenticity, including details like creation date, edition size, and foundry records, further validate a sculpture’s legitimacy.

Understanding these markers helps collectors and buyers verify the authenticity and value of bronze artworks. Always examine signatures, foundry stamps, and provenance documents when assessing a sculpture’s legitimacy.