Creating a weathered or aged appearance in metal sculptures adds character and depth, making them visually striking. Here are the most common techniques artists use to achieve this effect:

1. Chemical Patinas: Applying chemicals like ferric nitrate or liver of sulfur accelerates oxidation, creating vibrant colors and textures on metals like bronze or copper.

2. Rust Simulation: For steel or iron sculptures, artists use vinegar, saltwater sprays, or hydrogen peroxide to induce controlled rusting, enhancing an antique look.

3. Mechanical Distressing: Sandblasting, grinding, or hammering the surface mimics natural wear, adding scratches and dents for an aged appearance.

4. Paint Layering: Acrylics or enamel paints are layered and sanded to reveal underlying "worn" layers, simulating decades of exposure.

5. Wax or Oil Finishes: Applying dark wax or linseed oil deepens crevices, accentuating textures and creating a time-worn patina.

These methods allow sculptors to craft pieces that tell a story through their weathered surfaces, blending artistry with chemistry.