Maintaining the original patina of metal sculptures is a delicate task that requires careful attention to environmental and human factors. One of the most common challenges is exposure to moisture and humidity, which accelerates oxidation and leads to unwanted rust or discoloration. Airborne pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide or salt spray in coastal areas, can also degrade the patina over time. Improper cleaning methods, like abrasive materials or harsh chemicals, may strip away the protective layer and alter the sculpture's aesthetic. Additionally, fluctuating temperatures cause metal to expand and contract, potentially cracking the patina. Lastly, physical contact from handling or vandalism can damage the surface. To combat these issues, experts recommend controlled environments, gentle cleaning with pH-neutral solutions, and protective coatings like wax or lacquer. Understanding these challenges helps collectors and conservators preserve the artistic integrity of metal sculptures for generations.