Artists skillfully incorporate light and shadow into metal sculptures to create depth, movement, and emotional impact. By manipulating surface textures—such as polished, brushed, or oxidized finishes—they control how light reflects or diffuses, enhancing the sculpture's three-dimensionality. Some sculptors strategically position openings or layered elements to cast intricate shadows, transforming static pieces into dynamic installations that shift with natural or artificial lighting. Others use perforated metals or translucent materials to play with light penetration, producing mesmerizing patterns. The interplay of light and shadow not only highlights the sculpture's form but also engages viewers by changing their perception throughout the day. This technique bridges the gap between materiality and illusion, making metal sculptures resonate with their surroundings.