Metal sculptures are renowned for their durability and ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, including extreme temperature variations. The resistance of these artworks largely depends on the type of metal used, its thermal properties, and the craftsmanship involved.

Metals like bronze, stainless steel, and aluminum are commonly used in sculptures due to their high thermal stability. Bronze, for instance, expands and contracts minimally under temperature fluctuations, reducing the risk of cracking or warping. Stainless steel, with its low thermal expansion coefficient, excels in environments with rapid temperature changes, making it a favorite for outdoor installations.

Thermal expansion is a critical factor affecting metal sculptures. While most metals expand when heated and contract when cooled, the rate varies. Proper design accounts for these changes, incorporating joints or flexible elements to prevent structural damage. For example, large-scale steel sculptures often include expansion gaps to accommodate temperature-induced shifts.

Extreme cold can make some metals brittle, but alloys like weathering steel are engineered to resist such effects, developing a protective patina over time. Conversely, excessive heat can soften metals, but sculptures placed in high-temperature environments are often treated with heat-resistant coatings or made from refractory metals like titanium.

In conclusion, metal sculptures perform exceptionally well under extreme temperature variations when crafted from suitable materials and designed with thermal dynamics in mind. Their resilience ensures longevity, making them a timeless choice for both indoor and outdoor art installations.