Metal sculpture is a dynamic art form that spans a wide spectrum of styles, with abstract and figurative techniques representing two distinct approaches. Abstract metal sculpture focuses on non-representational forms, prioritizing shape, texture, and the interplay of negative space. Artists working in this style often employ techniques like plasma cutting, welding geometric forms, and creating organic, flowing shapes that evoke emotion without depicting recognizable objects.

Figurative metal sculpture, by contrast, aims to represent the physical world, whether through human forms, animals, or other identifiable subjects. This approach requires mastery of proportion, anatomy, and realistic detailing. Techniques often include precise metal shaping, careful welding of joints, and sometimes even surface treatments to mimic textures like skin or fabric.

The key differences lie in artistic intent and execution. Abstract sculptors emphasize conceptual expression and often incorporate industrial materials directly into their work, while figurative artists typically transform metal into lifelike representations. Both approaches can incorporate similar metalworking skills but apply them toward fundamentally different creative goals.

Material choices also vary between the styles. Abstract works frequently showcase raw metal surfaces, oxidation effects, and industrial finishes, while figurative pieces may use patinas or polishing to achieve realistic appearances. Understanding these distinctions helps artists choose the right techniques for their vision and collectors appreciate the unique qualities of each style.