Creating metal sculptures for underwater installations presents a fascinating yet complex set of challenges that differ significantly from traditional land-based art. One of the most pressing issues is corrosion, as saltwater and varying pH levels accelerate the degradation of metals. Artists must carefully select corrosion-resistant materials like bronze, stainless steel, or specially coated metals to ensure longevity.

Another critical consideration is marine life interaction. Sculptures become part of the ecosystem, potentially affecting local flora and fauna. The weight and buoyancy of metal structures also pose engineering challenges, requiring precise calculations to prevent shifting or damage from currents. Visibility concerns add another layer of complexity, as the artwork must maintain its aesthetic appeal while being viewed through water's refractive surface.

Maintenance accessibility is equally problematic, as underwater sculptures are difficult to inspect and repair. Finally, artists must consider how time and the marine environment will naturally alter their work, embracing patina and organic growth as part of the evolving artwork. These unique challenges transform underwater metal sculpture creation into a multidisciplinary collaboration between art, marine science, and engineering.