Combining metal sculptures with living plants is an innovative artistic endeavor that merges industrial aesthetics with organic vitality. However, this fusion presents several unique challenges.

1. Material Compatibility: Metals like steel or copper can react with soil and water, potentially harming plants. Artists must choose corrosion-resistant metals or apply protective coatings to ensure longevity.

2. Structural Integrity: Plants grow and change, adding weight or altering balance. Sculptures must be designed to accommodate root expansion and shifting weight without collapsing.

3. Maintenance Demands: Living greenery requires consistent care—watering, pruning, and sunlight. Integrating irrigation systems or selecting low-maintenance plants is crucial for sustainability.

4. Aesthetic Harmony: Balancing the rigid lines of metal with the fluidity of plants demands careful planning. The sculpture must evolve gracefully as plants grow, avoiding visual discord.

5. Environmental Factors: Outdoor sculptures face weather extremes, which can stress both metal and plants. Artists must consider local climates to ensure the piece thrives year-round.

Despite these challenges, the result is a dynamic, ever-evolving artwork that captivates viewers with its blend of permanence and life.