Artists employ a variety of techniques to craft textures and patterns on metal sculptures, transforming flat surfaces into dynamic works of art. One common method involves using chisels, hammers, and punches to manually imprint designs, creating raised or recessed details. Acid etching is another popular approach, where chemicals selectively corrode the metal to produce intricate, controlled patterns. Heat treatments, such as torching or oxidation, can introduce color variations and organic textures. Some artists also utilize repoussé, a technique of hammering the metal from the reverse side to create relief designs. For finer details, engraving tools or sandblasting may be applied to achieve precise lines or matte finishes. The choice of technique often depends on the desired aesthetic, the type of metal used, and the artist's personal style, resulting in unique, tactile surfaces that enhance the sculpture's visual appeal.