Wood carvers masterfully transform flat wooden surfaces into dynamic, three-dimensional artworks through a combination of techniques that trick the eye into perceiving depth. The primary method is relief carving, where artists carefully remove layers of wood at varying depths to create raised and recessed areas. High-relief carvings feature dramatic depth with undercutting, while low-relief maintains a flatter appearance with subtle variations.

Skilled carvers enhance depth perception through precise shading and texturing. By making deeper cuts darker and leaving higher areas lighter, they mimic natural shadows. Directional tool marks follow the contours of the design, guiding light reflection to emphasize form. Strategic perspective techniques, like making foreground elements larger and more detailed while reducing background features, further strengthen the illusion.

Advanced carvers often incorporate multiple planes of depth, sometimes carving through the entire wood thickness for pierced effects. The choice of wood grain direction also plays a crucial role, as carving across the grain creates more pronounced shadows. Through these meticulous approaches, simple wood panels become captivating scenes with remarkable spatial dimension.