Wood carvings are vulnerable to environmental factors like moisture, UV rays, and temperature fluctuations. To safeguard these intricate artworks, several finishing techniques are employed.

1. Sealing with Varnish or Lacquer: These coatings create a durable barrier against moisture and UV damage. Polyurethane varnish is popular for its water-resistant properties, while lacquer offers a glossy finish and quick drying time.

2. Waxing: Natural waxes like beeswax or carnauba wax provide a subtle sheen and repel moisture. Though less durable than varnish, wax is ideal for indoor carvings and enhances the wood's natural grain.

3. Oil Finishes: Linseed or tung oil penetrates the wood, strengthening it from within. These oils are excellent for outdoor carvings as they flex with wood movement, preventing cracks.

4. Stain and Seal Combinations: Stains with built-in sealers add color while protecting the wood. They’re ideal for carvings exposed to sunlight, as they often include UV inhibitors.

5. Epoxy Resin: For extreme protection, epoxy resin forms a thick, waterproof layer, perfect for outdoor installations.

Regular maintenance, like reapplying wax or oil, ensures long-term protection. Choosing the right technique depends on the carving's location and desired aesthetic.