Authenticating the age of an antique wood carving requires a combination of scientific analysis, historical research, and expert evaluation. Here are the most effective methods to determine its true age:

1. Wood Grain and Patina Analysis: Examine the wood's grain and surface patina. Older carvings often show natural wear, oxidation, and a smoother texture due to years of handling.

2. Tool Marks and Craftsmanship: Study the carving techniques and tool marks. Hand-carved pieces from earlier centuries display irregularities absent in modern machine-made replicas.

3. Dendrochronology (Tree-Ring Dating): This scientific method analyzes tree-ring patterns in the wood to estimate the felling date of the tree used.

4. Carbon Dating: For very old pieces (over 500 years), radiocarbon dating can provide an approximate age range, though it may require a small sample.

5. Provenance and Documentation: Trace the carving's ownership history. Authentic antiques often come with records, invoices, or appraisals linking them to specific periods.

6. Expert Appraisal: Consult a certified antique appraiser or museum specialist familiar with wood carvings from the suspected era.

7. Material and Finish Testing: Analyze stains, varnishes, or pigments used, as certain materials were unavailable in earlier centuries.

Combining these methods increases accuracy, as forgers rarely replicate all aging factors convincingly. Always handle valuable pieces with care and seek professional assistance for definitive authentication.