Carving deep undercuts or overhangs requires precision and the right techniques to achieve clean, professional results. Here are the most common methods used across various industries:

1. CNC Machining: Ideal for precise and repeatable undercuts, CNC machines use specialized tools like T-slot cutters or lollipop end mills to reach difficult angles.

2. 3D Printing: Additive manufacturing allows for complex overhangs by gradually building layers, often with support structures that are later removed.

3. Hand Carving (Woodworking): Skilled artisans use gouges, chisels, and angled tools to manually carve undercuts, relying on experience to avoid material tear-out.

4. Multi-Axis Milling: Advanced milling machines with 5-axis capabilities can rotate the workpiece, enabling tool access to deep undercuts without repositioning.

5. Laser or Waterjet Cutting: For thinner materials, these methods can create precise overhangs by cutting at steep angles or using tapered kerfs.

Each technique has its strengths, with CNC and 3D printing excelling in precision, while hand carving offers artistic flexibility. Choosing the right method depends on material, design complexity, and desired finish.