Wood carvers employ a combination of technical skill, material knowledge, and physics principles to create stable, free-standing sculptures. The process begins with careful wood selection - dense, straight-grained woods like oak or maple provide inherent stability. Carvers analyze the wood's natural balance points before making initial cuts, often sketching weight distribution plans.

For standing figures, many artists use the "three-point contact" rule, ensuring the sculpture touches its base at multiple strategic locations. Some incorporate hidden counterweights in the base or design flowing drapery that subtly touches the ground for added support. Advanced carvers may hollow out heavier sections while maintaining structural integrity.

The carving process itself involves constant testing - artists frequently place works in progress on flat surfaces to check balance. Final stabilization techniques include precise sanding of contact points, strategic weighting of bases, and sometimes discreet metal reinforcements for delicate projections. Seasoned carvers also account for wood movement over time, orienting grain patterns to minimize future warping that could compromise stability.

Proper drying and finishing play crucial roles too. Slow drying prevents cracks that weaken structures, while non-slip finishes on bases enhance grip. Many professional carvers document the specific techniques used for each piece, creating a reference library of successful stabilization methods tailored to different sculpture types and wood species.