Wood carvings span a wide range of artistic genres, each with distinct techniques and expressive goals. Realism in wood carving focuses on precise, lifelike details, mimicking nature or human forms with anatomical accuracy. Artists use fine chisels and sanding tools to achieve smooth textures and realistic proportions, often depicting wildlife, portraits, or historical scenes.

In contrast, surrealism embraces abstraction and dreamlike imagery. Carvers employ exaggerated shapes, unexpected combinations, and symbolic elements to challenge perception. Techniques like deep undercutting or irregular grain exploitation create dynamic, thought-provoking pieces. While realism celebrates technical mastery, surrealism prioritizes conceptual depth.

Both genres share foundational skills—grain selection, tool control, and finishing—but diverge in intent. Realism appeals to traditionalists, while surrealism attracts avant-garde collectors. The choice between them depends on whether the artist seeks to mirror reality or reinterpret it.