Wood carvers employ undercuts—a technique of carving angles beneath the edges of a design—to manipulate light and shadow, adding depth and drama to their work. By cutting deeper at steep angles, they create recessed areas that cast strong shadows, enhancing the three-dimensional illusion. This method is especially effective in relief carving, where shadows emphasize contours and textures.

Undercutting requires precision; carvers use specialized chisels and gouges to carefully remove material without weakening the structure. The depth and angle of each cut determine the intensity of the shadow, allowing artists to control contrast and focal points. Mastery of this technique transforms flat wood into dynamic, lifelike sculptures.

Historically, undercuts were used in ornate paneling and religious iconography. Today, they remain vital for creating realism in figurative carvings or abstract designs. Whether highlighting delicate foliage or dramatic facial expressions, undercuts elevate wood carving from craft to art.