Sri Lankan wood carvings are a testament to the island's rich cultural and artistic heritage, blending religious symbolism, mythological narratives, and everyday life into intricate designs. Among the most common themes, Buddhist iconography stands out, with sculptures depicting the Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and scenes from Jataka tales. These carvings often adorn temples and monasteries, serving as both devotional objects and storytelling mediums.

Another prevalent theme is nature, with artisans crafting detailed representations of flora and fauna, such as lotus flowers, elephants, and peacocks, symbolizing purity, strength, and beauty. Mythological creatures like the Makara (a hybrid aquatic beast) and Hamsa (a sacred swan) also feature prominently, reflecting Sri Lanka's deep connection to folklore.

Cultural motifs, including traditional dance forms and village life, are equally significant, capturing the essence of Sri Lankan identity. Geometric patterns and Kandyan-era designs further highlight the craftsmanship passed down through generations. These wood carvings not only preserve history but also continue to inspire contemporary art, making them a vibrant part of Sri Lanka's cultural legacy.