Determining whether a porcelain sculpture is an authentic antique or a modern reproduction requires careful examination of several key factors. First, inspect the base for maker's marks, which often include symbols, numbers, or signatures. Genuine antiques typically show signs of age in these marks, with slight irregularities from hand application.

Next, examine the glaze texture under good lighting. Authentic pieces often have subtle crazing (fine surface cracks) and uneven glaze distribution due to traditional firing methods. Reproductions usually feature perfectly uniform finishes from modern manufacturing.

Weight can be revealing - older porcelain tends to be heavier due to different clay compositions. Hold similar pieces for comparison. Also check for tool marks; authentic antiques show minor imperfections from hand carving, while reproductions appear mechanically precise.

Consult specialized references for documented marks from specific periods and regions. When in doubt, seek appraisal from certified experts who can perform advanced tests like thermoluminescence dating. Remember, provenance documentation significantly increases authenticity confidence.

Developing an eye for genuine antiques takes practice - study museum collections and handle authenticated pieces when possible to train your recognition of authentic craftsmanship characteristics.