Bronze sculpture has a rich history spanning millennia, with techniques evolving dramatically across civilizations. One of the earliest breakthroughs was the development of lost-wax casting (cire perdue) around 3,500 BCE in Mesopotamia. This revolutionary method allowed artists to create intricate details by sculpting in wax before replacing it with molten bronze.

The Classical Greek period (5th-4th century BCE) marked another milestone with hollow casting techniques, enabling larger, more dynamic figures while conserving precious bronze. Roman sculptors later refined these methods, perfecting mass production through piece-mold casting.

During the Renaissance, artists like Donatello reintroduced classical techniques while experimenting with new patination methods. The 19th century saw industrial advancements with sand casting and mechanical reproduction, making bronze art more accessible.

Modern developments include cold-cast bronze (resin mixed with bronze powder) and electrochemical patination, offering artists unprecedented control over surface finishes. These historical innovations continue influencing contemporary bronze sculpture, preserving an ancient art form while pushing its boundaries.